Thus, they learned how to preserve the body by drying it out, oiling and then 19 the body in linen, before placing it in the coffin.
答案:(B) wrapping
並列現在分詞結構「drying...oiling and then wrapping」(乾燥、上油、然後用亞麻布包裹),跟前面 drying/oiling 並列一致;wrapped(過去分詞,不合並列一致性)、to wrap(不定詞)、being wrapped(被動進行式,這裡是主動包裹的動作)都不合。
看到空格後面就是 the body,很多人直覺「屍體是被包起來的」,於是挑了被動的 wrapped 或 being wrapped。這是把「意義上的被動」和「文法上的被動」混在一起了:屍體確實是被包的,但這句話動手的人是埃及人。
先看空格所在的整串:they learned how to preserve the body by drying it out, oiling and then ______ the body in linen。關鍵在最前面的 by——by 是介系詞,後面要接動名詞,而它後面已經接了 drying、oiling 兩個動名詞,用逗號和 and 串成一串。空格是這一串的第三個,形式必須和前兩個一致,所以是 wrapping。驗算的方法很簡單,把每一個都拉回 by 後面唸一次:by drying it out(把屍體風乾)、by oiling(上油)、by wrapping the body in linen(用亞麻布包裹屍體),三個都通,形式就對了。主動被動也順帶確認:這三個動作的執行者都是 they,所以是主動。這裡還有一條學測反覆考的鐵律可以一起記住:被動語態後面不能再接原來的受詞——the body 還好端端地跟在空格後面,光憑這一點就能把兩個被動選項刷掉。這一題答對率 78 偏高,鑑別度卻只有 38,是這一年最低的幾題之一。題目偏易時能拉開的差距本來就小;真正會失手的,多半是只看空格前後兩三個字、沒有往回找到那個 by 的人。
wrapped:過去分詞,形式與前面的 drying、oiling 不一致,而且動作的執行者是埃及人,不該用被動。to wrap:不定詞,接不上介系詞 by。being wrapped:動名詞的被動形式,形式上勉強能接在 by 後面,但語意會變成「屍體被包裹」這件事本身是保存方法,與並列的前兩個主動動名詞衝突,而且它後面還跟著受詞 the body,被動之後不能再接受詞。
wrap A in B(用 B 把 A 包起來)、dry something out(把某物弄乾)、by V-ing(藉由做…)、learn how to(學會如何…)、place something in(把某物放進…)、oil something(在某物上抹油)。
When it comes to Egypt, people think of pyramids and mummies, both of which are closely related to Egyptian religious beliefs. The ancient Egyptians believed firmly in life 16 death. When a person died, his or her soul was thought to travel to an underworld, where it 17 a series of judgments before it could progress to a better life in the next world.
For the soul to travel smoothly, the body had to 18 unharmed. Thus, they learned how to preserve the body by drying it out, oiling and then 19 the body in linen, before placing it in the coffin.
Egyptians also built pyramids as 20 for their kings, or pharaohs. The pyramid housed the pharaoh's body together with priceless treasure, which would accompany him into the next world.