Moreover, the effect is often 20 space motion sickness, headaches, and nausea.
答案：(D) accompanied by
be accompanied by 是「伴隨著、同時出現」，本句指這種效應常伴隨著太空動暈症、頭痛與噁心；varied with（隨…而變）、brought about（引起，主詞須是原因）、transferred from（從…轉移）語意都不合。
答對率 33%。
accompany 你記得的大概是「陪伴」，而且腦中畫面是人陪人（My mother accompanied me to the hospital.）。用在抽象事物上時，它的意思是「伴隨發生、同時出現」——一件事發生的同時，另一件事也跟著出現。
劍橋詞典 accompanied by sth 的釋義是「與某事物同時存在或伴隨出現」。本句 the effect is often accompanied by space motion sickness, headaches, and nausea 就是「這種效應常伴隨著太空動暈症、頭痛與噁心」——臉部浮腫與這些症狀同時出現，不是誰造成誰。
brought about 是「引起、導致」，主詞必須是「原因」；但本句主詞 the effect（那個效應）本身就是結果，說「結果引起了症狀」方向顛倒，而且原文只是在並列描述同時出現的現象，並未主張因果。varied with 是「隨…而變化」，需要有可變動的量；transferred from 是「從…轉移過來」，語意不通。
accompany 是及物動詞，後面直接接受詞，「不加 with」——常見錯誤是寫成 accompany with sb。名詞形 accompaniment 則指「伴奏、配菜」。
be accompanied by（伴隨著）、accompany sb（陪伴某人，不加 with）、motion sickness（動暈症）、nausea（噁心）。
Gravity has been at the top of the science agenda since the start of Mars missions. In the earlier days of space travel, scientists tried to overcome the force of gravity so that a rocket could shoot 16 Earth's pull in order to land humans on the moon. Today, they are more interested in how reduced gravity affects the astronauts' 17 condition. Our bodies have evolved to exist within Earth's gravity (1 g), not in the weightlessness of space (0 g) or the microgravity of Mars (0.3 g).
When on Earth, we have more fluids in our lower body because they are pulled down by Earth's gravity. However, with the absence of gravity in the outer space, our body fluids 18 , shifting toward the upper body and the head. As a result, the astronauts have swollen, puffy faces, very much resembling that of the round-headed Charlie Brown in the famous comic strip.
This "Charlie Brown effect" will be more 19 when the astronauts go on their Mars missions, which will take about three years to complete, much longer than missions to the moon. Moreover, the effect is often 20 space motion sickness, headaches, and nausea. Such a syndrome is considered the top health risk for the astronauts, and scientists are still trying to figure out how it may be prevented.