To be creative, you must dare 16, and courageously express your own outlook and 17 what makes you unique.
答案:(A) rebel
dare 可以接原形動詞(半助動詞用法),這裡跟後面並列的 courageously express 動詞形式保持一致,都用原形;to rebel(不定詞,雖然也可以,但跟後面並列的動詞形式不一致)、rebelling(動名詞,不合dare的常見用法)、be rebelled(被動,rebel通常不用被動語態表達「反抗」這個主動行為)都不如原形rebel自然。
課本教 dare 的時候多半配著 to 一起出現(dare to tell the truth 敢說實話),所以看到 dare 就順手接 to rebel。這一題的鑑別度只有 23,代表連高分群考生也大量失手,原因就在這裡:對 dare to V 越熟的人,越容易填完空格就走,不會回頭看 and 後面接的是什麼形態。(同型的失手見 97 年第 26 題:for + 時間的公式太強,把人帶離了並列結構的檢查。)
判斷不出來時,先看四個選項的共同點:rebel、to rebel、rebelling、be rebelled 是同一個字的四種形態,可見這一格考的不是字義而是形態,那就要往前後找「該跟誰對齊」。(同一份考卷的第 24 題也是這一型,四個選項是 highlight 的四種形態,兩題可以對照著看。)先把句子結構拉出來:you must dare ___, and courageously express your own outlook ...。must 底下掛著兩個並列的動作,一個是 dare ___,一個是 courageously express;dare 自己也是原形,因為它接在助動詞 must 後面。and 兩邊的形態要對得上,而後面那一個已經給你了——express 是光禿禿的原形,空格就照抄原形,填 rebel。這就是並列結構「照抄另一邊的形態」(同型:99 年第 27 題助動詞後兩個原形動詞並列、100 年第 19 題介系詞 by 後三個動名詞並列、95 年第 27 題現在式單數照抄)。
to rebel:劍橋 English Grammar Today 的 dare 條目說,dare 表示「有膽量做某事」時是一般動詞,後面接不定詞或接原形都可以(If Sally dares (to) go there again, she'll be in big trouble!),另有較少見的半助動詞用法接原形(No one dare go there.)。所以這個選項不是被 dare 刷掉的,是被 and 後面的 express 刷掉的——真要用 to rebel,後面那一個也得跟著補上 to 才對得上。rebelling:dare 後面不接動名詞。be rebelled:rebel 是不及物動詞,用法是 rebel against sth(反抗某事物),沒有受詞就談不上被動;而且「叛逆」是主詞自己做出來的動作,語意上也不可能被動。
dare (to) do sth(敢於做某事)、How dare you!(你竟敢!)、I dare say(我猜想、大概)、rebel against(反抗、違抗)、go against(違背)、break the rules(打破常規)。
Experts say that creativity by definition means going against the tradition and breaking the rules. To be creative, you must dare 16, and courageously express your own outlook and 17 what makes you unique. But does our society encourage children to break the rules? I'm afraid the answer is no.
The famous film director Ang Lee recalls his father's disappointment with him when he was young. 18 a small child, he would pick up a broom and pretend to be playing guitar for the entertainment of family guests. Then, when he was studying film in college, he would exhaust himself just for a performance tour. His father, 19 always hoped that he would get a PhD and become a professor, 20 with a scoff: "What is all this nonsense?!"
But it later turned out that it was exactly his courage to "rebel" and to express his own ideas that marks his films with distinct creativity.