And being a tiny country, everything in Rwanda is 28 in a few hours and the interesting spots can be explored comfortably in a couple of weeks.
答案:(D) within reach
【句型】within reach 固定片語「觸手可及的/在可及範圍內」,表示「盧安達的一切在幾小時內都能到達」;off the record(非正式的/不公開的)、beyond doubt(無庸置疑)、in touch(保持聯絡)都不合。
這題答對率只有 40%,in touch 拿走了不少人。原因是你把 touch 讀成「碰到、接觸到」,於是 everything in Rwanda is in touch in a few hours 被自行補成「盧安達的一切幾小時內都接觸得到」。落差在於 in touch 講的是人與人之間的音訊往來 —— keep in touch with somebody(與某人保持聯絡)、get in touch with somebody(與某人聯繫),和「到不到得了某個地方」無關。另外提醒一件事:97 年第 25 題考過 off record,那一題少了 the,光靠「冠詞漏掉」就能刷掉;本題選項 A 的 off the record 冠詞是齊的,同一招用不上,必須改用語意判斷。
先把整句的邏輯量一次。開頭是 And being a tiny country(而且因為是個很小的國家),所以 everything in Rwanda is ___ in a few hours。國家小 + 幾小時,講的一定是「距離近、很快就到得了」。後半句把這個意思說得更白:the interesting spots can be explored comfortably in a couple of weeks(有趣的景點兩三個星期就能從容走完)—— 前後兩半都在講「範圍小、跑得完」,這個篇內對照就把語意鎖死了。再看 within reach 這個片語,它不必死背,拆開就懂:within 是「在……範圍內」,reach 是「手能構到的距離」,合起來就是「近得構得著」,劍橋詞典也收了 within easy reach of(離……很近)這個說法。國中教過的 Keep medicine out of children's reach.(藥品要放在小孩拿不到的地方。)就是它的反面,一正一反擺在一起最好記。這句話還有一個和答題無關、但值得知道的地方:And being a tiny country 的意義主詞是盧安達,可是主要子句的主詞卻是 everything in Rwanda,兩邊對不起來 —— 這就是文法書說的垂懸分詞(dangling participle),劍橋詞典舉的例子是 Arriving home, the door was open.(回到家的是人,不是門)。把主詞補回去就合法了:And Rwanda being a tiny country, everything is within reach...,或者還原成副詞子句 And because Rwanda is a tiny country, ...。要提醒的是,這種寫法在英文裡由來已久,不是近年才鬆綁:Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage 說垂懸修飾語在英國文學裡根深柢固,莎士比亞「哈姆雷特」就寫過 Sleeping in mine orchard, a serpent stung me.(睡在果園裡的是我,不是蛇);把它訂成錯誤的是二十世紀的規範文法,像 Strunk 與 White「The Elements of Style」就明文要求句首的分詞片語必須指向主要子句的主詞。所以拿捏的方式是:自己寫作文時務必把主詞對齊,但讀到母語人士這樣寫的時候,不必懷疑自己看錯。順帶把這裡的 being 和同一份考卷第 18 題的 including 對著看:including 已經升格成介系詞,用起來不必管意義主詞是誰;這裡的 being 還是不折不扣的分詞,主詞就得對齊。同樣是 -ing 結尾,身分不同,規矩就不同。
off the record(不公開的、非正式的):指說出來的話不列入正式紀錄,像 This is off the record.(這段話別寫進報導。)和距離遠近完全無關。beyond doubt(無庸置疑):beyond 表示「超出……的範圍」,beyond doubt 就是「超出可懷疑的範圍」。它修飾的是一件事有多確定,不是有多近。順便把 beyond 和 within 對著看:beyond reach(構不到)正好是 within reach 的反面。in touch(有聯絡):見上面。
within reach(在可及的範圍內)、out of reach(構不到、拿不到)、within easy reach of(離……很近)、keep in touch with(與……保持聯絡)、off the record(不公開地、非正式地)、beyond doubt(無庸置疑)
Whenever I set foot on the soil of Rwanda, a country in east-central Africa, I feel as if I have entered paradise: green hills, red earth, sparkling rivers and mountain lakes. Herds of goats and cows 26 enormous horns graze the lush green fields. Although located close to the equator, Rwanda's "thousand hills," 27 from 1,500 m to 2,500 m in height, ensure that the temperature is pleasant all year around. And being a tiny country, everything in Rwanda is 28 in a few hours and the interesting spots can be explored comfortably in a couple of weeks.
But 29, Rwanda is a symbol of the triumph of the human spirit over evil. Though it was once known to the world for the 1994 tribal conflict that resulted in about one million deaths, Rwanda has 30 the mass killing. Now it is healing and prospering and greets visitors with open arms.