They emphasize the participants' athletic achievements 27 their physical disability.
答案:(B) instead of
【句型】instead of 指「而不是」,表示「強調參賽者的運動成就,而不是他們的身體障礙」;in terms of(就……而言)、at the risk of(冒著……的風險)、at the cost of(以……為代價)都不合。
instead of 你最熟的畫面是「代替」(I'll go instead of you. 我代替你去),所以看到它夾在兩個名詞片語中間,一時會轉不過來。其實「代替」和「而不是」是同一個概念的兩面:選了 A,就等於沒選 B。劍橋詞典把 instead of 解釋成 in place of(取代某人或某物的位置),本句就是「要看的是運動成就,而不是身體障礙」。
先看空格前後的詞性:前面是 the participants' athletic achievements(名詞片語),後面是 their physical disability(名詞片語),空格要填的是能把兩個名詞片語接起來、又能表達「要 A 不要 B」的成分。再看語意方向:整段一直在說帕運看的是運動員的成就,不是他們的障礙,所以是取捨關係。順帶記清楚:instead 是副詞,單獨使用時放句首或句尾;instead of 是整組當一個介系詞用,後面一定要接名詞或動名詞。
in terms of(就……而言)會變成「從身體障礙的角度來看他們的運動成就」,與帕運的宗旨相反。at the risk of(冒著……的風險)後面要接不好的後果,而「強調成就」不會冒任何風險。at the cost of(以……為代價)會讀成「以他們的身體障礙為代價換來成就」,語意荒謬。三個誘答選項都是「of + 名詞」的形狀,形狀對、語意全錯,這正是這一格要考的。
instead of 當過五次答案:本題是學測克漏字唯一的一次,指考克漏字有 105 年第 19 題 →與 109 年補考第 13 題 →,另外 107 學年度起適用參考試卷第 19 題 →與 105 年那一次是同一題;文意選填學測 94 年第 35 題也考過一次。rather than 兩次,都在學測克漏字,88 年第 23 題 →與 93 年第 20 題 →。in place of 一次也沒當過答案,只出現在誘答裡。最容易一起考的是 instead of 與 rather than,中文都說成「而不是」:rather than 後面可以接原形動詞(She chose to walk rather than take a bus.),instead of 只能接名詞或動名詞。另一個容易混淆的是 on behalf of(代表……出面),它和 instead of 的中文都說得成「代替」,差別在人有沒有換邊——on behalf of 是我出面、立場仍屬於他們;instead of 是本來該是甲、結果變成乙。單字站 89 學測第 15 題考的就是這一組。He kept staring at his phone instead of looking at the traffic.(他一直盯著手機,而不是看路況。)He chose to listen to music rather than watch the road.(他選擇聽音樂,而不是看路;rather than 後面接的是原形動詞 watch。)〔情境取材自 103 學測作文題:過馬路只顧著聽音樂〕
instead of(而不是……)、rather than(而不是)、in terms of(就……而言)、at the risk of(冒著……的風險)、at the cost of(以……為代價)、emphasize the importance of(強調……的重要性)。其中 rather than 這一組考過 9 個年度,83 年第 30 題 →、88 年第 23 題 →、94 年第 25 題 →、99 年第 20 題 →、103 年第 27 題 →、105 年第 26 題 →、107 年第 16 題 →、107 年第 28 題 →、110 年試辦考試第 13 題 →都出現過;instead of 考過 6 個年度,83 年第 30 題 →、102 年第 26 題 →、105 年第 20 題 →、108 年第 28 題 →、110 年試辦考試第 13 題 →都出現過。
The Paralympics are Olympic-style games for athletes with a disability. They were organized for the first time in Rome in 1960. In Toronto in 1976, the idea of putting together different disability groups 26 sports competitions was born. Today, the Paralympics are sports events for athletes from six different disability groups. They emphasize the participants' athletic achievements 27 their physical disability.
The games have grown in size gradually. The number of athletes 28 in the Summer Paralympic Games has increased from 400 athletes from 23 countries in 1960 to 3,806 athletes from 136 countries in 2004.
The Paralympic Games have always been held in the same year as the Olympic Games. Since the Seoul 1988 Paralympic Games and the Albertville 1992 Winter Paralympic Games, they have also 29 in the same city as the Olympics. On June 19, 2001, an agreement was signed between the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympics Committee to keep this 30 in the future. From the 2012 bid onwards, the city chosen to host the Olympic Games will also host the Paralympics.