Imagine the infinite amount of reactions that a large organism such as human carries out every single day. 16 of these reactions are possible without enzymes.
答案：(C) None
【字彙】None of these reactions are possible without enzymes，表示「這些反應『沒有一個』能在沒有酵素的情況下發生」，強調酵素的必要性。Any／All／More 語意皆與後文強調酵素不可或缺的邏輯不符。
前一句剛說每天要進行的反應多到數不清（the infinite amount of reactions），你的眼睛還停在「好多」這個印象上，看到 All 會覺得順理成章。四個選項 Any、All、None、More 都是數量詞，後面都接得了 of these reactions，文法上一個也刷不掉。
四個選項都是數量詞加 of，可見這一格考的不是形態，而是這一句到底在說多還是說少。定案的字是句尾的 without enzymes（在沒有酵素的情況下）。全篇的主軸是酵素不可或缺，所以這一句要說的是：沒有酵素，這些反應一個也不可能發生，也就是 None of these reactions are possible without enzymes。還原成完整的條件句驗算：If there were no enzymes, none of these reactions would be possible.（如果沒有酵素，這些反應沒有一個能發生。）再往下讀一句，Enzymes consist of various types of proteins that work to drive the chemical reactions，正是在解釋酵素怎麼推動反應，方向完全一致。答對率約五成，鑑別度 58，分的就是有沒有把 without 讀進去：只讀到前半句「無限多的反應」就停下來的人，會往數量很多的方向填。
All 讀起來是「沒有酵素這些反應全都能發生」，與下一句以及整篇的主軸正好相反。Any 在肯定句裡是「任何一個都」，方向與 All 相同；它要表達「一個也沒有」必須有 not 撐著，這就是國中學過的 not … any 等於 no，把 not 拿掉就換不出否定的意思。More 是比較級，句中既沒有 than，也沒有拿來比的對象，而且「更多的反應」講的是數量增減，與「可不可能發生」是兩回事。
none of ＋ 複數名詞（…之中沒有一個）、not … any ＝ none（沒有任何一個）、carry out a reaction（進行反應）、an infinite amount of（多到數不清的）、separate A from B（使 A 有別於 B）、every single day（每一天，single 用來加強語氣）
One factor that separates a living thing from an inanimate object is the organism's ability to carry out chemical reactions that are crucial for its survival. Imagine the infinite amount of reactions that a large organism such as human carries out every single day. 16 of these reactions are possible without enzymes.
Enzymes consist of various types of proteins that work to drive the chemical reactions 17 for certain types of nutrients to take effect. Enzymes can either launch a reaction or speed it up. In the absence of enzymes, reactants may take hundreds of years to convert into a usable product, if they are able to do so 18 . This is why enzymes are crucial in the sustenance of life on earth.
Enzymes, 19 , do not always function perfectly. In 1902 Sir Archibald Garrod was the first to attribute a 20 to an enzyme defect, which he later referred to as an "inborn error of metabolism." Today, newborns are routinely screened for certain enzyme defects such as PKU (phenylketonuria) and galactosemia, an error in the handling of the sugar galactose.