We can try to guess 29 this or that might happen.
答案:(D) whether
whether 引導名詞子句當 guess 的受詞,意思是「是否」。注意本句的 or 連接的是 this 與 that 兩個代名詞,不是 whether A or B 的句型。since/though/because 都不能引導這種當受詞的名詞子句。
本題大考中心未公布逐題答對率,以下不談數據,只談觀念。
看到句子裡有 or,很多人會反射性地想到 whether A or B(是否……)這個句型,然後回頭找 A 與 B 在哪裡——但這一題的 or 連的根本不是 whether 的那兩個選項,這一步想錯了反而會亂。另一種卡住的方式是把 since、because 讀成「因為」,覺得「我們可以猜,因為這件事可能發生」也講得通。
這一格與同一份試卷的第 18、21 兩題是同一組判準的第三種情形:看空格前面接的是名詞還是動詞。第 18 題前面是名詞 jar、第 21 題前面是名詞 feast,兩題填的都是關係詞;本題前面是動詞 guess(猜測),動詞後面要的是受詞,所以空格帶出來的那一串是一個當受詞用的名詞子句,四個選項裡只有 whether 帶得出名詞子句。填進去是 guess whether this or that might happen(猜測這件事或那件事會不會發生)。至於句中那個 or,用國中數學的分配律驗算一次就清楚了:把 might happen 分配到 or 兩邊,還原成 whether this might happen or that might happen,兩邊都成立,可見 or 連的是 this 與 that 兩個代名詞,不是 whether A or B 那個句型。並列結構的第二步是「確定 and 或 or 連的是哪兩樣」,這一題是很好的練習——層級抓錯,整題就跟著錯。
since、though、because 三個都是帶副詞子句的從屬連接詞,它們帶出來的子句是用來說明原因或讓步的,不能放在動詞後面當受詞。驗算方式很直接:把它們填進去讀一次,guess since this might happen 沒有受詞可交代,句子就斷在那裡。
guess whether + 子句(猜測是否……)、whether + 子句(是否……,可以整包當動詞的受詞)、this or that(這個或那個)、might(可能,表推測)、名詞子句當受詞(動詞後面接 whether 或 wh- 詞帶出的子句)、in some cases(在某些情況下)
Which would you wear to a football game, a sweater or a raincoat? 26 the raincoat if you thought there was a good chance of rain. Which basketball team is more likely to win, one that is 30 points ahead at the half or its opponent? Teams have been known to come from 27 to win, but the chances of overcoming that kind of lead are slim.
28 of us can be perfectly sure about how things will turn out in the future. But we can, and often do, think of the possibilities. We can try to guess 29 this or that might happen.
In some cases mathematics can help make these guesses more accurate. The branch of mathematics that helps make our guesses more accurate is called probability. Probability is the science of 30. It is among the fastest growing and most useful parts of today's mathematics.