Oil dependence 13 has led to monopolization, war, and socio-political instability.
答案：(C) in particular
in particular 表示「尤其、特別是」，強調石油依賴是眾多化石燃料依賴問題中特別嚴重的一項，語意通順；in advance（事先）、in contrast（相比之下）、in charge（負責）皆不符合此處的強調語氣。
本題大考中心未公布逐題答對率，以下不談數據，只談觀念。
四個都是 in ＋ 名詞的片語，長得很像，容易混淆，很容易憑眼熟挑。in contrast 又特別誘人，因為前面剛出現過 However，整段看起來都在對比。
這一格的線索在前一句，句內找不到。前一句說的是 Dependence on fossil fuels ... creates energy security risks（對化石燃料的依賴造成能源安全風險），講的是化石燃料整體；這一句的主詞換成 Oil dependence（對石油的依賴），而石油是化石燃料的一種，範圍縮小了。從整體縮到其中一項，用的是 in particular（尤其、特別是）。關鍵在分辨「縮小」與「對比」：in contrast 要求兩邊是可以並排比較的兩樣不同東西，但石油與化石燃料是包含關係，並排不起來，對比這條路一開始就不通。
in advance（事先、預先）講的是時間上提前，與這一句無關。in charge（負責、掌管）要接 of 才能帶出負責的範圍（be in charge of），而且主詞通常是人或機構，不會是一種依賴。in contrast 見上。
in particular（尤其、特別是）、in contrast（相對地、對照之下）、in advance（事先、預先）、be in charge of（負責、掌管）、energy security（能源安全）、political instability（政治不穩定）
Modern societies have become increasingly vulnerable in their dependence on fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. One 11 of using fossil fuels is that it can generate large amounts of energy by the simple process of burning. 12 , fossil fuels are readily available and are currently plentiful.
However, the burning of fossil fuels leads to the release of pollution into the atmosphere. Dependence on fossil fuels from unstable regions or countries creates energy security risks for dependent countries. Oil dependence 13 has led to monopolization, war, and socio-political instability.
Most importantly, fossil fuels are considered non-renewable resources, which will eventually decline in production and become 14 , with serious consequences to societies that remain highly dependent on them. Fossil fuels are actually slowly forming continuously, but we are using them up 15 approximately 100,000 times faster than they are formed.