According to the analysis, the 22 between India's southern and northern tips shrinks by 2 cm every year.
答案:(B) distance
語意「印度南北端之間的『距離』每年縮短2公分」,distance(距離)符合;height(高度)、geography(地理)、landscape(地貌)都不合。
這題答對率只有 52%,一半的人沒拿到。height 是最大的陷阱:整篇都在講喜馬拉雅山,下一句又寫 the thickness of the Himalayas increases(喜馬拉雅山的厚度增加),滿腦子都是「高」,看到 height 就想勾。落差在於 shrink 這個動詞:你可能把它讀成「縮水、變矮」,但本句 shrink 的對象是 the ___ between India's southern and northern tips —— 南端到北端量的是地表上橫過去的一段長度,不是往上的高度。印度在變短,不是在變矮。
關鍵在空格後面緊接著的 between India's southern and northern tips。between A and B 給的是「兩點之間」,能被「兩點之間」修飾、又能 shrink by 2 cm 的名詞只有 distance。還原成國中就見過的句型:the distance between the two cities(兩座城市之間的距離),句型完全一樣。再用單位驗算一次:shrinks by 2 cm 給的是一個長度數值,geography 和 landscape 都是抽象概念,量不出 2 公分。這裡順便把 by 記牢:shrink by 2 cm 是「縮短了 2 公分」講變化量,shrink to 2 cm 才是「縮短到 2 公分」講結果值,國中的 Prices rose by 10%.(價格上漲了一成。)就是同一個 by。最後看篇內對照,作者是刻意把兩句寫成對稱的:the distance between India's tips shrinks by 2 cm 對 the thickness of the Himalayas increases —— 一個變短、一個變厚,兩句都是「可以量的維度名詞 + 變化動詞」。distance 和 thickness 站在同一個位置上,這個對稱就是最強的佐證。
height(高度):量的是垂直方向。文章裡走垂直方向的是喜馬拉雅山的 thickness,不是印度的南北兩端。geography(地理、地理環境):指一地的地理條件或這門學科,不可數,也沒有「兩端之間」這種量測概念。landscape(地貌、景觀):指眼睛看得到的地表樣貌,同樣不是一個可以每年減少 2 公分的長度。
the distance between A and B(A 與 B 之間的距離)、within walking distance(步行可到的距離內)、keep one's distance(保持距離)、at a distance(在一段距離外)、shrink by(縮短……的幅度)、a long-distance call(長途電話)
India is shrinking. A new analysis of satellite-based data has given precisely the rate 21 which the country is losing size as it pushes northward against the Himalayas. According to the analysis, the 22 between India's southern and northern tips shrinks by 2 cm every year. As India's size decreases, the thickness of the Himalayas increases. 23 the shrinking continues, India will disappear in 200 million years. There would only be a vast mountain range along the southern coast of China.
The Indian plate's 24 movement is not new. However, this cannot be treated as a trivial finding in science. A movement of 25 a few millimeters (mm) of the earth's crust is a sign of possible earthquakes. Such dangers are now obvious in India, where the movement of the plate continues.