As India's size decreases, the thickness of the Himalayas increases. 23 the shrinking continues, India will disappear in 200 million years.
答案:(A) If
條件句「如果收縮持續下去,印度將在兩億年後消失」,If 引導條件子句;For(因為)、Unless(除非,語意相反,應該是「如果持續」不是「除非持續」)、Though(雖然)都不合。
Unless 是這題最漂亮的陷阱,因為你腦中的 unless 只剩「除非」兩個字,而中文的「除非」在口語裡用得很鬆 ——「除非這個縮小繼續下去,印度會消失」念起來竟然有點像話。落差在於 unless 真正的意思是 if...not(如果不……),劍橋 English Grammar Today 直接把它解釋成 except if。只要把這個換算做出來,語意馬上垮。這題鑑別度高達 59,分開的正是「有沒有真的把 unless 換算成否定」這一個動作 —— 停在中文「除非」的人會覺得通,動手還原的人一秒就發現矛盾。
兩個選項都能搭條件句公式,就把兩個都還原一次,看哪一個講得通:If the shrinking continues 是「如果縮小持續下去,印度會消失」,成立;Unless the shrinking continues 等於 If the shrinking does not continue,是「如果縮小不再持續,印度反而會消失」,縮小停了卻消失,自己打自己,出局。另外還有一個形式線索可以先把範圍縮到兩個:主要子句是 India will disappear,用 will + 原形,配的就是國中背過的條件句公式 —— If + 現在式,主要子句 will + 原形,像 If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.。四個選項裡只有 If 和 Unless 走這個公式,先留下這兩個,再用上面的還原把 Unless 刷掉,答案就定了。同一份考卷的第 19 題答案是 Although(讓步),而 Though 正是本題的誘答選項;兩題把「讓步」與「條件」分在兩邊考,擺在一起看,兩種關係的差別最清楚。
For(因為):for 表示原因時是對等連接詞,一律擺在兩個子句中間,不能放句首(劍橋詞典),光是位置就錯了。Unless(除非):見上面的還原。補一個語感:unless 通常搭「不做某事就會有壞結果」,像 You'll be late unless you hurry.(你不快點就會遲到。)Though(雖然):讓步要求前後有衝突,但「縮小持續下去」和「印度會消失」是同一個方向的因果,順順地走下去,沒有可以讓步的地方。
unless(除非,等於 if...not)、as long as(只要)、in case(以防、萬一)、on condition that(條件是……)、in 200 million years(兩億年後,in + 時間表示「……之後」)、continue to V/continue V-ing(繼續做某事)
India is shrinking. A new analysis of satellite-based data has given precisely the rate 21 which the country is losing size as it pushes northward against the Himalayas. According to the analysis, the 22 between India's southern and northern tips shrinks by 2 cm every year. As India's size decreases, the thickness of the Himalayas increases. 23 the shrinking continues, India will disappear in 200 million years. There would only be a vast mountain range along the southern coast of China.
The Indian plate's 24 movement is not new. However, this cannot be treated as a trivial finding in science. A movement of 25 a few millimeters (mm) of the earth's crust is a sign of possible earthquakes. Such dangers are now obvious in India, where the movement of the plate continues.