He later created a standard of measuring children’s intelligence 28 the data he had collected from the French children he studied.
答案：(B) based on
【句型】based on 字詞搭配「根據/基於」；composed of（由……組成）、resulting in（導致）、fighting against（對抗）都不合。
四個選項都是分詞形式，形狀一模一樣，很容易只憑「哪個唸起來順」來挑。resulting in（導致）看起來也接得上，因為前面剛講他「創造出一套標準」，感覺像是某種結果。
先確認空格那一塊在句子裡的角色。主要動詞是 created，受詞是 a standard of measuring children's intelligence；空格開始的分詞片語是拿來修飾 a standard 的，說明這套標準是怎麼來的。還原成關係子句：a standard which was based on the data...（一套以那些資料為依據的標準）。再看空格後面接的是什麼：the data he had collected（他先前蒐集到的資料）。標準與資料之間的關係是「以資料為依據」，be based on 正是這個意思。介系詞固定用 on，不能換成 in 或 at，這一點要連著記。順帶注意 the data he had collected 用了過去完成式 had collected：蒐集資料在先，訂出標準在後，時間先後很清楚，也旁證了「標準建立在先前的資料之上」。
composed of（由…組成）：be composed of 講的是組成成分，一套標準不是「由資料組成」的，資料是依據，不是零件。resulting in（導致）：方向相反。resulting in 後面要接的是這套標準造成的結果，但 the data 是它的來源，不是它的結果。fighting against（對抗）：與資料對抗，語意完全不通。
be based on（以…為依據、根據）、on the basis of（根據…）、base A on B（把 A 建立在 B 之上）、be composed of（由…組成）、result in（導致…）、fight against（對抗…）。
French psychologist Alfred Binet (1859-1911) took a different approach from most other psychologists of his day: He was interested in the workings of the 26 mind rather than the nature of mental illness. He wanted to find a way to measure the ability to think and reason, apart from education in any particular field.
In 1905 he developed a test in which he 27 children do tasks such as follow commands, copy patterns, name objects, and put things in order or arrange them properly. He later created a standard of measuring children's intelligence 28 the data he had collected from the French children he studied. If 70 percent of 8-year-olds could pass a particular test, then 29 on the test represented an 8-year-old's level of intelligence.
From Binet's work, the phrase "intelligence quotient" ("IQ") entered the English vocabulary. The IQ is the ratio of "mental age" to chronological age times 100, with 100 30 the average. So, an 8-year-old who passes the 10-year-old's test would have an IQ of 10/8 times 100, or 125.