The Chinese 11 umbrellas in the eleventh century B.C. 12 China they traveled to India, Persia, and Egypt.
答案:(B) had
句子描述西元前十一世紀(明確過去時間點)發生的動作,需要簡單過去式 had(一般動詞「擁有」)。have had 缺乏過去時間點觸發詞、have 是現在式,having 不能單獨作句子的主要動詞。
本題大考中心未公布逐題答對率,以下不談數據,只談觀念。
have had、had、have 三個形態擺在一起,很容易想成「擁有雨傘是一直延續到現在的事」而挑現在完成式。這一格的答案由句子裡那個時間標記決定,不必憑語感。
四個選項都是同一個動詞 have 的形態,可見這一格考的是時態,那就找時間標記。句子裡寫得清清楚楚:in the eleventh century B.C.(西元前十一世紀)——這是一個明確而且早已結束的過去時間點,直述這種事用過去簡單式,填 had。把題庫裡出現過的三種時間標記一次收齊,這一組非常好用:明確的過去時間點(in the eleventh century B.C.、in 1849)配過去簡單式;by + 過去時間(by 1980)配過去完成式,因為要說「到那時為止已經完成」(87 年第 34 題);Since then(從那時起到現在)配現在完成式,因為時間線的終點在此刻(92 年第 28 題)。先找標記,再決定時態,比憑語感可靠得多。
have had:現在完成式,時間線的終點在現在,不與一個明確的過去時間點並用。have:現在簡單式,與西元前十一世紀對不上。having:現在分詞,不是限定動詞,句子會沒有主要動詞。
in the eleventh century(在十一世紀)、B.C.(西元前)、A.D.(西元後)、a new invention(新發明)、travel to(前往、傳播到)、at different times(在不同的時期)。
The umbrella is not a new invention. The Chinese 11 umbrellas in the eleventh century B.C. 12 China they traveled to India, Persia, and Egypt. But in Greece and Rome, men 13 use them. They believed umbrellas were 14 for women. When the Spanish explorers went to Mexico, they saw the Aztec kings 15 umbrellas. English explorers found out that Indian princes also carried umbrellas on the east coast of North America. It 16 that people in different parts of the world invented umbrellas at different times.
England was probably the first country in Europe 17 ordinary people used umbrellas 18 the rain. England has a rainy climate, and umbrellas are very useful there. The umbrella is now a very ordinary 19 . Everybody uses it today. It keeps the rain and the sun off people. Some umbrellas fold up, 20 it is easy to carry them.